Islamic Crime and Punishment and International Human Rights Law free essay sample

This paper is an in-depth look at Islamic law and how it frequently comes into conflict with international law and human rights. This paper is a detailed discussion of Islamic criminal law, its sources, its application, and its conflict with international law and human rights. The author examines both primary and secondary sources of Islamic law, and describes Hudud, Tazir and Qesas crime and punishment. The paper also focuses on the historical background of Muslim law. From the paper: ?Islam means ?submission? or ?surrender? to the will of Allah. For the more than one billion Muslims of the world, this means submission to a comprehensive code of law governing every arena of life: social, political, economic, and religious. In Islam there is no separation of church and state, no distinction between religion and politics; Government, law, and religion are unified. Some would argue that Islamic law is not fully practiced in any part of the Islamic world. We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic Crime and Punishment and International Human Rights Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While this may be true, twenty-three nations have either declared Islam to be the state religion or declared the religious writings of Islam to be the principal source of law.?

Social Work Support Group

Question: Discuss about theSocial Workfor Support Group. Answer: Introduction In this video, few young age boys and girls are gathered with a counsellor in order to discuss the existence of stress in their life and to know the process to overcome their stress. The chosen group for completing this assignment is Support Group and there will be discussion on stress. According to Levi (2016), more or less every individual goes through a phase of stress and on every occasion, an individual overcomes stress with proper process of stress counselling. Stress can damage the mental and physical health if it cannot be treated so long. Description of the Group and Over Viewing its Purpose The purpose of this group is to offer and discuss several ways to overcome the stress in the life from various sources. From various studies, it has been proved that the students aged in between 17-25 encountered with stress than the other ranges of ages from the social life, pressure from schools including tasks, exams, schedules, family and friends (Moreland et al., 2014). This group will discuss the beginning of the pressure, which actually leads to the stress in immense manner if he pressure cannot be handled in proper and adequate manner. This young group of individual has been associated for overcoming the stress as it may lead to adopt unhealthy practices, such as drinking or smoking, which will be harmful for this young age people. The stress counsellor in this video is a professional individual, who can treat the experienced difficulties of the gathered individuals (Beebe Masterson, 2014). Type of Group This particular video is solely based on three different questions, which are closely related to the stress and all the gathered individuals have shared their own perspective upon the stress and stress management. There is a discussion on their adopted strategies during the time of their stress and even the member of this particular group have communicated with each other for sharing own experience during the stressful situation. This group is task-oriented group and the name of this group is Support Group. Gchter et al., 2012 has mentioned that stress can be considered as the response of the body towards different demands, criteria of the life, which engages both the mind and emotions. This particular group has understood the necessity of overcoming and preventing stress as it affects the human feeling and the physical health. However, there are some contradictions among the associated group members of this video while communicating regarding different stress scenario within own lif e. The member often oppose and often appreciate the process of overcoming the stress of the group members. Description of the Group The group shown in this particular video are young people from schools and there are three female and two male members. The stress counsellor has initiated the discussion and then asked the group member to provide their views regarding their experiences of stress and how they had overcome it for leading a stressful life. One by one, every group member has shared his or her experiences and visions upon it. This group can be considered as initial session of Group therapy. This particular discussion has been continued for 8 minutes and 49 seconds and the entire discussion has been completed with a proper following of some portion such as the introductory portion, the selection of the topic and there are discussion after the asked questions of the stress counsellor. The counsellor has provided equal chance to each team member for sharing different viewpoints. As opined by Oradee (2012), often the stress level increases in manner, which is next to impossible to overcome and in such position there are requirements of effective and potential counsellor, who can help to overcome stress. This group is a true example of group interactive session, where every group member is closely interlinked with each other and share own notion on a fixed topic that is stress. The Stage The associated members of the group are all young people from school; therefore, they are standing at the initial stage of their life. Their life has just started, therefore, if these young individuals have lost hope only because of encountering stress from their social life, family, friends, tasks, exams and other pressures, then it will lead a serious depression for them, which is not at all expected (Beard, 2016). These people should have adopted strategies to deal with stress, as with the ages, the level of stress will increase. The Dynamics in Between the Participants The group dynamics suggest that the team members are associated for achieving same motif (Trotzer, 2013). The team dynamic helps the team member to share their ideas, suggestions and visions on certain topic. However, in this particular video, the group members also do the same. Hwang Lin (2012) have referred that the group dynamics deal with the basic behavioural patterns and attitudes of a particular group. The video suggests an interactive group session, which has been started with a introductory speech of the stress counsellor, who clearly explains the requirement of this particular group. The entire gathered group member is quite interactive with each other and it make easy for the counsellor to communicate with everybody. Every group member has been provided with equal opportunity to share their own views and any longer viewpoints are not entertained as the counsellor stops the individual, who provide a long statement regarding their experience in order to give other team memb er chances. The gesture and process of interaction with the other team member is appropriate for this group therapy session. Chiclana et al., (2013) have suggested both the negative and positive experiences in life can lead life transition, which is responsible to lead any kind of stress. Even in this particular video, the woman counsellor has mentioned that stress should be avoided in the life as it damages both the physical and mental health of an individual. According to Zhang et al., (2012), group dynamics are solely concerned with the process of group formation, its structure and processes of performing some tasks in order to reach the same goal. In this video, the group members also present their viewpoints on stress and its effective ways to overcome it. Even the group dynamics help to appreciate the suggestion of a team member and criticising it. The leader of this group has followed participative leadership style as this person involves every team member to take a part of t he interaction and share own viewpoint upon stress. The Role, Tasks and Strategies of the Leader According to Shin et al., (2012), adequate and potential strategies and task should be selected for meeting the goal of creating the group discussion. In this particular video, the group member shares own experience and it actually helps them to release their stress. The strategies the leader has followed involves the team member to share brief picture of their experiences instead of elaborated version of it and to interact with maintain positive gesture, which can encourage the other group member to share their own experiences. Every team member is associated and connected with each other only because of suitable implication of strategies of the leader. The leader has played the role of participative leader with allowing every group member to share own viewpoints (Triantaphyllou, 2013). One of the group members Stephanie is quiet and calm and fails to communicate with the entire group. However, Jolene presents her own viewpoints in smooth way. The leader appreciated both of them for their participation as it encourages them for further discussion. The participative leadership style gathers the shared viewpoints of the participants of group members. My View on Groups Effectiveness I think the effectiveness of a group suggests the capacity of a group for accomplishing the set goals, which have been administrated by the leader. I have observed that this group develop internal feelings of the close affiliation among the existing group member and it helps to enhance the loyalty among the group member after sharing own visions related stress. The size of the group also determines the effectiveness of a group and every group member has understood their roles and responsibilities within the group for accomplishing the objectives of this group. As stress is a complex subject to discuss, therefore, I have noticed that the leader in this video tries to free the group members and only engage 5 member for discussing this complex issue. I have understood that as stress has been considered as critical issue to deal, therefore, this interactive discussion will help these school going young people to overcome their encountered situations in potential manner. Conclusion The provided video reveals the necessity of overcoming stress with the help of interactive session and it evaluates the basic idea regarding the capacity of the individuals for dealing with several stressful situations. With the constant improvement in the contemporary lifestyle, there are gradual enhancement of the stress, which often lead and individual towards a severe level of depression and on certain occasion towards the suicidal tendency. The group member helps one another for helping them to share their experiences. References Beard, F. (2016). Preparing campaigns students for group work.Journal of Advertising Education,20(1/2), 111. Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2014).Communicating in small groups: Principles and practices. Pearson Higher Ed. Chiclana, F., GarcA, J. T., del Moral, M. J., Herrera-Viedma, E. (2013). A statistical comparative study of different similarity measures of consensus in group decision making.Information Sciences,221, 110-123. Gchter, S., Nosenzo, D., Renner, E., Sefton, M. (2012). Who makes a good leader? cooperativeness, optimism, and leading?by?example.Economic Inquiry,50(4), 953-967. Hwang, C. L., Lin, M. J. (2012).Group decision making under multiple criteria: methods and applications(Vol. 281). Springer Science Business Media. Levi, D. (2016).Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Moreland, R. L., Levine, J. M., Wingert, M. L. (2013). Creating the ideal group: Composition effects at work.Understanding group behavior,2, 11-35. Oradee, T. (2012). Developing speaking skills using three communicative activities (discussion, problem-solving, and role-playing).International Journal of Social Science and Humanity,2(6), 533. Shin, S. J., Kim, T. Y., Lee, J. Y., Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 197-212. Triantaphyllou, E. (2013).Multi-criteria decision making methods: a comparative study(Vol. 44). Springer Science Business Media. Trotzer, J. P. (2013).The counselor and the group: Integrating theory, training, and practice. Routledge. Zhang, Z., Wang, M. O., Shi, J. (2012). Leader-follower congruence in proactive personality and work outcomes: The mediating role of leader-member exchange.Academy of Management Journal,55(1), 111-130.

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Topic on Domestic Violence

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Topic on Domestic ViolenceArguing and writing a good argumentative essay topic on domestic violence is not that easy. Even though I have been through this myself, I was unsuccessful in my efforts. In this article, I will be showing you the mistakes I made in my argumentative essay and how you can avoid it.As I mentioned earlier, I also had to write a few argumentative essay topics on domestic violence; but I failed to realize that a mistake I made was in assuming that the subject matter of my topic was straightforward and simple. I was actually having second thoughts about what I was doing when I actually started working on my topic.You should not let your thoughts get derailed by too many doubts and questions, because those will cause you to be distracted, so when you're done you're not sure what to do next. I have seen too many arguments ended because one of the participants tried to change the topic to something else and their mind wander about the topic for too long.When you are writing an argumentative essay, make sure you are able to remember your subject matter. Even if you already know what you're going to talk about, try to recall the topics you discussed and if you can find out where you agreed and disagreed with your topic partner, make sure you also make note of where you agree and disagree.Argumentative essay topics on domestic violence must cover many points and by looking at your topic partner, you must make sure you cover enough points and topics in order to have enough topics for you to be able to write your essay in a proper manner. So it's good if you already have some idea on how to make your essay topic; then just search for other people's essay topics.You can try asking the person whose essay you're reading or just ask them to answer you questions by making use of the points they made. These are good ways of testing whether you are writing well or not.An important thing when you're preparing an argumenta tive essay topics on domestic violence is to have the right mindset. If you're not into the topic, chances are you're not going to enjoy it and when you have the right mindset, you can enjoy the process of writing the essays.Being able to think about things clearly and being able to find solutions to your problems is the best way of success in the topic of the essays. I will now be telling you that your mind is the most important thing when you are writing a good argumentative essay on domestic violence.

Romeo and Juliet and Lion King free essay sample

What I knew about Shakespeare before I started writing about him was only one thing, that he was the author to many beautiful works such as Hamlet. But I also have an obsession with all sorts of films in different categories. So to put them both together was a really good decision. I think my essay will take my interests to a higher point and it will be fun to write about something that actually is fun to read and learn about. Purpose The purpose of my question at issue is mainly to learn more about who William Shakespeare was, find king of movies and plays. So the main questions in my essay are simply: Who was William Shakespeare? works reflect in the later days films, and the society? Since movies and such are a big part of today, it s also seen as a big part of our society. I will also try to figure out how people looked on the way he wrote and made plays. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet and Lion King or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I also need to get knowledge about who Shakespeare was and also more knowledge about his works. know anyone that has any interest in Shakespeare. I will also try to find some books that could help to know King had the same main story as Hamlet, so it was easy to know where to start, a perfect start in my essay. Luckily I also find The Lion king as a very well made and good movie. Dissertation Who was William Shakespeare? William Shakespeare was born 1564, 23th of April, dead the same date year 1616. Even though the Shakespeare was a world famous English actor, playwright and poet. He was also part owner of The Globe Theatre in Southwark, London. William married a woman named Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. 1 There is not so much information to find about him, since most of his life are speculations and cannot be confirmed. Just basic information is there to find, and of course beautiful quotes and information about his works. 2 He was seen as a deep and honorable man by many people around the world by his plays, such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliette, Othello, Macbeth and many, many more. 3 Influence I began my essay with finding out what films there could be that has been strongly influenced by , which is one of the worlds most played play. So I watched both of them right after each other to see the similarities between them. The main theme in both of them is as simple as in harmony. The king has a baby with his wife that shall grow up to be the next king to rule the kingdom. But one day the king dies. In The Lion King, the prince leaves in fear that it was him that e great nds Hamlet 1 29042010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_Shakespeare 2 28042010 http://absoluteshakespeare. com/trivia/quotes/quotes. htm 29042010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_Shakespeare 29042010 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence 3 The story continues with them both finding out their own uncles has killed their beloved father. The only thing they can think about is revenge. So revenge there is, ending with getting both Claudius and Scar killed. One more important difference is that in The Lion King Simba lives to be king, when Hamlet dies taking out his revenge on Claudius. example, the sequel to the first Lion King film has got a pretty obvious Romeo and Juliet theme. The story basically is about two young lovers from two families that are archenemies and despite each other. But to quote Shakespeare But love is blind, and lovers cannot see. The love between the young lovers is forbidden, but love overcomes everything. And the families that before were sworn enemies unite and become friendly. The Romeo and Juliet story ends with death, just as Hamlet did. But in the child suitable . take ages to compare even the smallest simile in every film that comes out on the market. But there are not just stolen themes in films, but also a story about Shakespeare. This film is Madden and with actors/actresses such as Gwyneth Paltrow and Joseph Fiennes. love theme and all that. films are found to be inspired by Shakespeare classics such as Romeo and Juliet, The Taming Back in the days when Shakespeare lived, his plays reflected the society pretty good. Rival families children falls in love with each other, people from different levels in the society. A poor man falls in love with a rich woman, impossible love, forbidden love. The plays also reflect on the way they look at different levels in the society, that certain people are better than others. Conclusions So what I films of today is that Shakespeare will never die. Shakespeare lives in an endless list of films, an endless list of everyday quotes we use without thinking about where they come from. Just are the basis to many beautiful films, such as mentioned above, The Lion King. Beautiful play that lives on to become beautiful films. Conclusion and discussion After doing this investigation I realized Shakespeare has more influence in our lives than we could possibly imagine. Shakespeare is so present in our lives, we take it all for granted. Many expressions and sayings have their roots with his writing. I believe he was a fantastic man; he could turn love to a beautiful tragedy in Romeo and Juliet. When I began my work I the films based on his plays. Just to get a better grip on what kind of man he was. Just about every film nowadays has somewhat been inspired by his works. Films where it comes to forbidden love for example, can be compared to Romeo and Juliet. I chose to focus on The Lion King though there are a countless amount of films that easily could be related to Wi film. I wrote in my dissertation that there was a big difference between different people in the societies. Different values that we put on each other. It s amazing to still be able to get your share of his works. The plays probably opened many eyes for not only plays in general, but for how we look on each other as the individuals we actually are. I also believe it has affected us in a literal way, we use words that he invented for everyday cause. Abstract making of films? In this essay those two questions are investigated and answered. The conclusion that I got after my investigation is that Shakespeare has a much bigger influence in our lives than we know. Many sayings that are normal for us to hear every day Final Words I think my work went pretty well, just according to my plans. I have learned very much investigating this question of mine. find interesting and satisfying facts about about him. I also took a great focus on films, as I picked it as my main question. But when I read about this I discovered that Shakespeare had an enormous influence in all types of books as well, wherever language is used. Some of the words William Shakespeare invented are still being used today. Shakespeare was. Was he a loner, was he a quiet and depressed person, or was he a normal y with beautiful work of life.

Battle of Short Hills in the American Revolution

Battle of Short Hills in the American Revolution Battle of Short Hills - Conflict Date: The Battle of Short Hills was fought June 26, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783).   Ã‚   Armies Commanders: Americans General George WashingtonMajor General William Alexander, Lord Stirlingapprox. 2,500 men British General Sir William HoweLieutenant General Lord Charles CornwallisMajor General John Vaughanapprox. 11,000 men Battle of Short Hills - Background: Having been expelled from Boston in March 1776, General Sir William Howe descended on New York City that summer.   Defeating General George Washingtons forces at Long Island in late August, he then landed on Manhattan where he suffered a setback at Harlem Heights in September.   Recovering, Howe succeeded in driving American forces from the area after winning victories at White Plains and Fort Washington.   Retreating across New Jersey, Washingtons beaten army crossed the Delaware into Pennsylvania before halting to regroup.   Recovering late in the year, the Americans struck back on December 26 with a triumph at Trenton before achieving a second victory a short time later at Princeton. With winter setting in, Washington moved his army to Morristown, NJ and entered winter quarters.   Howe did the same and the British established themselves around New Brunswick.   As the winter months progressed, Howe commenced planning for a campaign against the American capital at Philadelphia while American and British troops routinely skirmished in the territory between the encampments.   In late March, Washington ordered Major General Benjamin Lincoln to take 500 men south to Bound Brook with the goal of collecting intelligence and protecting farmers in the area.   On April 13, Lincoln was attacked by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis and forced to retreat.   In an effort to better assess British intentions, Washington moved his army to a new encampment at Middlebrook. Battle of Short Hills - Howes Plan: A strong position, the encampment was situated on the south slopes of the first ridge of the Watchung Mountains.   From the heights, the Washington could observe British movements on the plains below which stretched back to Staten Island.   Unwilling to assault the Americans while they held the high ground, Howe sought to lure them down to the plains below.   On June 14, he marched his army Somerset Courthouse (Millstone) on the Millstone River.   Only eight miles from Middlebrook he hoped to entice Washington to attack.   As the Americans showed no inclination to strike, Howe withdrew after five days and moved back to New Brunswick.   Once there, he elected to evacuate the town and shifted his command to Perth Amboy. Believing the British to be abandoning New Jersey in preparation for moving against Philadelphia by sea, Washington ordered Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling to march towards Perth Amboy with 2,500 men while the rest of the army descended the heights to a new position near Samptown (South Plainfield) and Quibbletown (Piscataway).   Washington hoped that Stirling could harass the British rear while also covering the armys left flank.   Advancing, Stirlings command assumed a line in the vicinity of Short Hills and Ash Swamp (Plainfield and Scotch Plains).   Alerted to these movements by an American deserter, Howe reversed his march late on June 25.   Moving quickly with around 11,000 men, he sought to crush Stirling and prevent Washington from regaining a position in the mountains. Battle of Short Hills - Howe Strikes: For the attack, Howe directed two columns, one led by Cornwallis and the other by Major General John Vaughan, to move through Woodbridge and Bonhampton respectively.   Cornwallis right wing was detected around 6:00 AM on June 26 and clashed with a detachment of 150 riflemen from Colonel Daniel Morgans Provisional Rifle Corps.   Fighting ensued near Strawberry Hill where Captain Patrick Fergusons men, armed with new breech-loading rifles, were able to force the Americans to withdraw up Oak Tree Road.   Alerted to the threat, Stirling ordered reinforcements led by  Brigadier General Thomas Conway forward.   Hearing the firing from these first encounters, Washington ordered the bulk of the army to move back to Middlebrook while relying on Stirlings men to slow the British advance. Battle of Short Hills - Fighting for Time: Around 8:30 AM, Conways men engaged the enemy near the intersection of Oak Tree and Plainfield Roads.   Though offering tenacious resistance that included hand-to-hand fighting, Conways troops were driven back.   As the Americans retreated approximately a mile toward the Short Hills, Cornwallis pushed on and united with Vaughan and Howe at Oak Tree Junction.   To the north, Stirling formed a defensive line near Ash Swamp.   Backed by artillery, his 1,798 men resisted the British advance for around two hours allowing Washington time to regain the heights.   Fighting swirled around the American guns and three were lost to the enemy.   As the battle raged, Stirlings horse was killed and his men were driven back to a line in Ash Swamp. Badly outnumbered, the Americans were ultimately forced to retreat towards Westfield.   Moving quickly to avoid the British pursuit, Stirling led his troops back to the mountains to rejoin Washington.   Halting in Westfield due to the heat of the day, the British looted the town and desecrated the Westfield Meeting House.   Later in the day Howe reconnoitered Washingtons lines and concluded that they were too strong to attack.   After spending the night in Westfield, he moved his army back to Perth Amboy and by June 30 had fully departed New Jersey. Battle of Short Hills - Aftermath: In the fighting at the Battle of Short Hills the British admitted to 5 killed and 30 wounded.   American losses are not known with accuracy but British claims numbered 100 killed and wounded as well as around 70 captured.   Though a tactical defeat for the Continental Army, the Battle of Short Hills proved a successful delaying action in that Stirlings resistance allowed Washington to shift his forces back to the protection of Middlebrook.   As such, it prevented Howe from executing his plan to cut the Americans off from the mountains and defeat them in open ground.   Departing New Jersey, Howe opened his campaign against Philadelphia late that summer.   The two armies would clash at Brandywine on September 11 with Howe winning the day and capturing Philadelphia a short time later.   A subsequent American attack at Germantown failed and Washington moved his army into winter quarters at Valley Forge on December 19. Selected Sources The Battle of the Short HillsRevolutionary War New Jersey - Short HillsBattle of Short Hills Historic Trail

WHAT MATTERS IN AMERICA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

WHAT MATTERS IN AMERICA - Research Paper Example In this chapter, Goshgarian talks about the impacts of social networking sites on people’s lifestyles. Several social networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook, Twitter and other social sites are currently available in the internet, and they provide an effective means through which people virtually interact with each other. The impact of internet on the social life has been a controversial debate in the American society. Many people have contradicting opinions on its effect on the contemporary American society and culture. A review of studies indicated that social networking sites have less impacts on the social life than many people usually believe. Internet is the latest means of interpersonal communication system following telegraphs and telephones. Other researches also indicate that social networking sites have also changed the patterns of life; however, the patterns of social life still remain the same despite of these internet-induced changes (Goshgarian 68). Social networking sites are speculated to have positive impacts on people’s everyday lives, since it improves the quality and frequency of interpersonal communications among different people. Through virtual connections, people easily access their colleagues leading to engagements and happiness in society and families (Goshgarian 27). According to Goshgarian, electronic communication result in weaker social ties, since many people lack adequate time to physically visit and interact with their friends. He writes that â€Å"More and More, people build their social network around their colleagues instead of their neighbors and families† (Goshgarian 331). The internet also allows many people to work from their homes, and this gives them less time to physically interact with other people. In addition, the internet also enables people to virtually interact more easily than through other means of communication, have romantic affairs, access their bank accounts and

Effect of Bcl-2 on Lung Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effect of Bcl-2 on Lung Cancer - Essay Example To be able to obtain an accurate and strongly reliable research finding and study conclusion, the research method should always be aligned with the research hypothesis at all times. Back then, it was hypothesized in the study of Xu et al. (2013) that there can be a strong connection between Bcl-2 with a person’s susceptibility to lung cancer and its prognosis among the Chinese men. Specifically, the research hypothesis of Xu et al. (2013) is very much in-line with its chosen research method. It means that the authors’ decision to make use of its research method is good enough to determine whether or not the research hypothesis presented in the said study should be accepted or not. For example, in the process of selecting and genotyping a total of 3 Bcl-2’s tagSNP (i.e. rs1564483, rs 1801018, and rs 2279115) in 1017 couple of Chinese male with lung cancer using the TaqMan assay, the authors were able to find out that the genotypes of rs1564483GA, AA, as well as GA+AA, were strongly related to the decrease in Chinese men’s susceptibility to lung cancer whereas the allele of rs1564483A increases Chinese men’s susceptibility of developing lung cancer particularly those who had family history of cancer and previous smoking habit. In this study, the clinical term â€Å"prognosis† is all about being able to foretell the possible long-term effects after a person has been diagnosed with lung cancer. Using the same research method, Xu et al. (2013) found out that research participants with Bcl-2 rs1564483 GA+AA genotypes are the ones who can experience longer survival rate and reduced risks of untimely deaths as compared to those Chinese men with rs1564483GG genotype. The primary exposure of interest in this study was genetic factors, in particular, the polymorphism of the Bcl-2 gene in the Chinese men. This was measured by genotyping using the TaqMan method that used a sequence detection system (Xu et al, 2013).